Cancer is a PMB, so all schemes must cover diagnosis and treatment. But schemes structure cancer cover in tiers: a primary annual limit (typically R250,000 to R500,000) covered in full, then 80% scheme rate (you pay 20%) above that limit. New treatments (immunotherapy, targeted therapy, monoclonal antibodies) fall under separate 'innovation benefits' with their own rules and co-payments.
SA example: On Discovery Executive: first R500,000 of approved treatment over a 12-month cycle is covered in full, then extended cover for defined cancers, then innovation benefit with 30% co-pay. On KeyCare: PMB cancer in network only, all costs above PMB are member-funded.